Skip to main content
Home

Navigation Menu

  • Back
  • About
    • Back
    • About

      Contact Us

      Business Address
      5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

      Washington , DC 20015
      United States place Map
      Call Us (202) 387-640
    • Who We Are
      • Back
      • Leadership
      • Board & Advisory Committee
      • Initiatives
      • Financial Stewardship
      • Awards & Accolades
      • History
    • Connect with Us
      • Back
      • Outreach & Education
      • Newsletter
      • Yearbook
    • Working at Carnegie

    Contact Us

    Business Address
    5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

    Washington , DC 20015
    United States place Map
    Call Us (202) 387-6400
  • Research
    • Back
    • Research Areas & Topics
    • Research Areas & Topics
      • Back
      • Research Areas
      • From genomes to ecosystems and from planets to the cosmos, Carnegie Science is an incubator for cutting-edge, interdisciplinary research.
      • Astronomy & Astrophysics
        • Back
        • Astronomy & Astrophysics
        • Astrophysical Theory
        • Cosmology
        • Distant Galaxies
        • Milky Way & Stellar Evolution
        • Planet Formation & Evolution
        • Solar System & Exoplanets
        • Telescope Instrumentation
        • Transient & Compact Objects
      • Earth Science
        • Back
        • Earth Science
        • Experimental Petrology
        • Geochemistry
        • Geophysics & Geodynamics
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
      • Ecology
        • Back
        • Ecology
        • Atmospheric Science & Energy
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Water Quality & Scarcity
      • Genetics & Developmental Biology
        • Back
        • Genetics & Developmental Biology
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Developmental Biology & Human Health
        • Genomics
        • Model Organism Development
        • Nested Ecosystems
        • Symbiosis
      • Matter at Extreme States
        • Back
        • Matter at Extreme States
        • Extreme Environments
        • Extreme Materials
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
      • Planetary Science
        • Back
        • Planetary Science
        • Astrobiology
        • Cosmochemistry
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
        • Planet Formation & Evolution
        • Solar System & Exoplanets
      • Plant Science
        • Back
        • Plant Science
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Nested Ecosystems
        • Photosynthesis
        • Symbiosis
    • Divisions
      • Back
      • Divisions
      • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
        • Back
        • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory
        • Back
        • Earth & Planets Laboratory
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
        • Campus
      • Observatories
        • Back
        • Observatories
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
        • Campus
    • Instrumentation
      • Back
      • Instrumentation
      • Our Telescopes
        • Back
        • Our Telescopes
        • Magellan Telescopes
        • Swope Telescope
        • du Pont Telescope
      • Observatories Machine Shop
      • EPL Research Facilities
      • EPL Machine Shop
      • Mass Spectrometry Facility
      • Advanced Imaging Facility
  • People
    • Back
    • People
      Observatory Staff

      Featured Staff Member

      Staff Member

      Staff Member

      Professional Title

      Learn More
      Observatory Staff

      Search For

    • Search All People
      • Back
      • Staff Scientists
      • Leadership
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering People
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory People
      • Observatories People
    Observatory Staff
    Dr. Timothy Strobel
    Staff Scientist

    Featured Staff Member

    Tim Strobel

    Dr. Timothy Strobel

    Staff Scientist

    Learn More
    Observatory Staff
    Dr. Timothy Strobel
    Staff Scientist

    Timothy Strobel's research centers around the synthesis and characterization of novel materials for energy and advanced applications. New materials are synthesized using unique pressure-temperature conditions and through innovative processing pathways. 

    Search For

    Search All Staff
  • Events
    • Back
    • Events
    • Search All Events
      • Back
      • Public Events
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering Events
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory Events
      • Observatories Events

    Upcoming Events

    Events

    Events

    Mars
    Public Program

    Neighborhood Lecture Series Program With Dr. Caleb Scharf

    Dr. Caleb Scharf

    November 6

    6:30pm EST

    Two people look at each other
    Public Program

    Face Value: How the Brain Shapes Human Connection

    Nancy Kanwisher

    October 29

    6:30pm EDT

    Carnegie Science's Broad Branch Road campus in the fall with brilliant leaves
    Public Program

    Inaugural Earth & Planets Laboratory Open House

    Earth & Planets Laboratory

    October 25

    1:00pm EDT

  • News
    • Back
    • News
    • Search All News
      • Back
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering News
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory News
      • Observatories News
      • Carnegie Science News
    News

    Recent News

    News

    Read all News
    Mars rover things about life
    Breaking News
    August 26, 2025

    Teaching A.I. to Detect Life: Carnegie Scientist Co-Leads NASA-Funded Effort

    Scientist Thomas Westerhold, a co-organizer of TIMES, speaks to attendees
    Breaking News
    August 20, 2025

    Time-Integrated Matrix for Earth Sciences (TIMES) Kicks Off With Workshop at Carnegie's EPL

    An artist's conception of gold hydride synthesiss courtesy of Greg Stewart/ SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
    Breaking News
    August 12, 2025

    High-pressure gold hydride synthesized

  • Donate
    • Back
    • Donate
      - ,

    • Make a Donation
      • Back
      • Support Scientific Research
      • The Impact of Your Gift
      • Carnegie Champions
      • Planned Giving
    Jo Ann Eder

    I feel passionately about the power of nonprofits to bolster healthy communities.

    - Jo Ann Eder , Astronomer and Alumna

    Header Text

    Postdoctoral alumna Jo Ann Eder is committed to making the world a better place by supporting organizations, like Carnegie, that create and foster STEM learning opportunities for all. 

    Learn more arrow_forward
  • Home

Abstract
The maintenance and differentiation of highly potent animal stem cells generates an epigenetic cycle that underlies development. Drosophila female germline stem cells (GSC) produce cystoblast daughters that differentiate into nurse cells and oocytes. Developmental chromatin analysis profiling the differentiation of GSCs into cystoblasts and nCs of increasing ploidy shows that cystoblasts start developing by forming heterochromatin while in a transient syncytial state, the germline cyst, reminiscent of early embryonic cells. The open GSC chromatin state is further restricted by Polycomb repression of targets that include testis expressed genes briefly active in early female germ cells. like other highly potent stem cells, GSC metabolism is reprogrammed and Myc-dependent growth is upregulated by altering mitochondrial membrane transport, gluconeogenesis and other processes. Thus, the animal generational cycle comprises similar but distinct maternal and zygotic stem cell epigenetic cycles. We propose that the pluripotent stem cell state and daughter cell differentiation were shaped by the pressure to resist transposon activity over evolutionary time scales. In this GEO submission, we present data and analyses pertaining to H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K9me3 ChIPseq, ATACseq, and RnAseq of Germline Stem Cells (GSCs) and nurse Cells (nCs) from Drosophila melanogaster ovaries.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Aubrites and enstatite chondrites (ECs) are isotopically similar to the Earth and therefore may resemble the primary materials that accreted to form our planet. Recent bulk H elemental and isotopic analyses of ECs and the Norton County aubrite suggest that enstatite-rich materials are H-rich and may represent a significant source of terrestrial water, with measured values of 3000 & PLUSMN;2000 & mu;g/g H2O and 5300 & PLUSMN;900 & mu;g/g H2O in the bulk and enstatite fractions of Norton County (Piani et al., Science, 2020). Here, we present a detailed investigation of in situ H2O concentrations in enstatite, diopside, forsterite, and plagioclase from a suite of main group aubrites, including Norton County, and Shallowater. We find that enstatite (4 & PLUSMN;2 & mu;g/g H2O), diopside (4.8 & PLUSMN;0.5 & mu;g/g H2O), and forsterite (5 & PLUSMN;3 & mu;g/g H2O) have similar H2O concentrations, and all are significantly lower than plagioclase (24 & PLUSMN;3 & mu;g/g H2O). We combine our in situ analyses of H2O contents with equilibrium partition coefficients and bulk mineralogies to estimate the bulk H2O content of our samples. We compare these first order estimates with bulk volatile analyses conducted using sample pyrolysis and find that the previous bulk H2O analyses of aubrites predominantly reflect terrestrial contamination and alteration. If our conclusion that the reported bulk H2O analyses of Norton County primarily reflect terrestrial contamination and alteration extends to bulk analyses of ECs, then EC-like material may not be a significant source of terrestrial water. Our results support the hypothesis that thermal metamorphism, melting, and differentiation leads to efficient desiccation of planetesimals relative to chondrites, and that differentiated planetesimals contributed, at most, trace amounts to Earth's water budget.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
The dominant benthic primary producers in coral reef ecosystems are complex holobionts with diverse microbiomes and metabolomes. In this study, we characterize the tissue metabolomes and microbiomes of corals, macroalgae, and crustose coralline algae via an intensive, replicated synoptic survey of a single coral reef system (Waimea Bay, OModified Letter Turned Commaahu, Hawaii) and use these results to define associations between microbial taxa and metabolites specific to different hosts. Our results quantify and constrain the degree of host specificity of tissue metabolomes and microbiomes at both phylum and genus level. Both microbiome and metabolomes were distinct between calcifiers (corals and CCA) and erect macroalgae. Moreover, our multi-omics investigations highlight common lipid-based immune response pathways across host organisms. In addition, we observed strong covariation among several specific microbial taxa and metabolite classes, suggesting new metabolic roles of symbiosis to further explore.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
AgClO4 has been studied under compression by x-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations. Experimental evidence of a structural phase transition from the tetragonal structure of AgClO4 to an orthorhombic barite-type structure has been found at 5.1 GPa. The transition is supported by total-energy calculations. In addition, a second transition to a monoclinic structure is theoretically proposed to take place beyond 17 GPa. The equation of state of the different phases is reported as well as the calculated Raman-active phonons and their pressure evolution. Finally, we provide a description of all the structures of AgClO4 and discuss their relationships. The structures are also compared with those of AgCl in order to explain the structural sequence determined for AgClO4.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
An unexpected superconductivity enhancement is reported in decompressed In2Se3. The onset of superconductivity in In2Se3 occurs at 41.3 GPa with a critical temperature (T-c) of 3.7 K, peaking at 47.1 GPa. The striking observation shows that this layered chalcogenide remains superconducting in decompression down to 10.7 GPa. More surprisingly, the highest T-c that occurs at lower decompression pressures is 8.2 K, a twofold increase in the same crystal structure as in compression. It is found that the evolution of T-c is driven by the pressure-induced R-3m to I-43d structural transition and significant softening of phonons and gentle variation of carrier concentration combined in the pressure quench. The novel decompression-induced superconductivity enhancement implies that it is possible to maintain pressure-induced superconductivity at lower or even ambient pressures with better superconducting performance.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Yttrium and rare earth elements (REY) in aqueous environments have been intensively studied because they record important geochemical information. For example, the cerium anomaly, measured in marine sedimentary rocks, has been widely applied as a paleoredox indicator. Marine carbonates are the main substrate used to reconstruct REY signal in paleo-oceans with the underlying assumption that REY incorporated into carbonate minerals preserve the authigenic seawater signal. However, extracting authigenic REY signals from carbonate rocks are challenging. It requires dissolving carbonate phases using acid leaching procedures without contamination from other non-carbonate phases such as Mn/Fe oxides (hydroxides), clay minerals, siliciclastic and organic phases. Multiple dissolution protocols, especially partial leaching, were proposed to eliminate potential contaminations. Yet, the efficiency lof these procedures in reducing contamination remains ambiguous. Additionally, no systematic study on how each non-carbonate phase can modify the authigenic REY signal from carbonates. First, we systematically investigated the efficiency of using ammonium acetate buffer pre-treatment to remove exchangeable ions prior to dissolution. We tested a range of concentration, pH, and reaction time of the buffer and we found that ammonium acetate of 1 M with a pH slightly < 7, and 30 mins for reaction time works best for efficiency. Second, we tested a range of acid species and molarity to dissolve common non-carbonate contamination phases including USGS standards NOD-A-1 (manganese nodule) and SBC-1 (Brush Creek shale), as well as montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite from the Clay Minerals Society. We used three batches of acetic and nitric acids with different molarity and found that both the acid species and molarity are key parameters to avoid leaching of non-carbonate phases. We observed a negative Ce anomaly during leaching of Mn nodule using acetic acid versus a positive anomaly using nitric acid suggesting that nitric acid may introduce false positive Ce anomalies into samples. We also demonstrated that it is essential to filter the leachate to prevent the later dissolution of floating particles. For instance, Mn oxides, which carry positive Ce anomalies, can overprint the carbonate REY signal because the nitric acid (i.e. 2% v/v) used during later ICP-MS analysis could dissolve tetravalent Ce. Third, we conducted a series of leaching experiments on mixed samples consisting of 80% pure modern limestone and 20% mixed pure contaminants to identify the best protocol to avoid contamination. We demonstrate that using acetic acid with a molarity lower than 0.5 M is sufficient to avoid contaminations from Mn oxides, clay minerals, and siliciclastic phases. Finally, we present a new sequential leaching protocol for calcite ( > 75% CaCO3) using two steps of ammonium acetate pre-leaching followed by three steps of 0.3 M acetic acid leaching.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
In the modern ocean, U reduction and incorporation into anoxic sediments imparts a large isotopic fractionation of approximately vertical bar 0.6 parts per thousand that shifts the seawater delta U-238 value (U-238/U-235, expressed as delta U-238 per mil deviation relative to CRM-112a) relative to continental runoff. Given the long residence time of U in the modern oceans (similar to 400 kyr), the isotopic composition of carbonates (taken as a proxy for seawater) reflects the global balance between anoxic and other sinks. The U isotopic composition of open-marine carbonates has thus emerged as a proxy for reconstructing past changes in the redox state of the global ocean. A tenet of this approach is that the delta U-238 values of seawater and anoxic sediments should always be fractionated by the same amount.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the ultraluminous and slowly evolving 03fg-like Type Ia SN 2021zny. Our observational campaign starts from similar to 5.3 h after explosion (making SN 2021zny one of the earliest observed members of its class), with dense multiwavelength coverage from a variety of ground-and space-based telescopes, and is concluded with a nebular spectrum similar to 10 months after peak brightness. SN 2021zny displayed several characteristics of its class, such as the peak brightness (M-B = -19.95 mag), the slow decline (delta m(15)(B) = 0.62 mag), the blue early-time colours, the low ejecta velocities, and the presence of significant unburned material above the photosphere. However, a fluxexcess for the first similar to 1.5 d after explosion is observed in four photometric bands, making SN 2021zny the third 03fg-like event with this distinct behaviour, while its + 313 d spectrum shows prominent [OI] lines, a very unusual characteristic of thermonuclear SNe. The early flux excess can be explained as the outcome of the interaction of the ejecta with similar to 0 . 04 M-? of H/He-poor circumstellar material at a distance of similar to 10(12) cm, while the low ionization state of the late-time spectrum re veals lo w abundances of stable iron-peak elements. All our observations are in accordance with a progenitor system of two carbon/oxygen white dwarfs that undergo a merger event, with the disrupted white dwarf ejecting carbon-rich circumstellar material prior to the primary white dwarf detonation.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
The detonation of a thin (less than or similar to 0.03 M (circle dot)) helium shell (He-shell) atop a similar to 1 M (circle dot) white dwarf (WD) is a promising mechanism to explain normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), while thicker He-shells and less massive WDs may explain some recently observed peculiar SNe Ia. We present observations of SN 2020jgb, a peculiar SN Ia discovered by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Near maximum brightness, SN 2020jgb is slightly subluminous (ZTF g-band absolute magnitude -18.7 mag less than or similar to M ( g ) less than or similar to -18.2 mag depending on the amount of host-galaxy extinction) and shows an unusually red color (0.2 mag less than or similar to g (ZTF) - r (ZTF) less than or similar to 0.4 mag) due to strong line-blanketing blueward of similar to 5000 angstrom. These properties resemble those of SN 2018byg, a peculiar SN Ia consistent with an He-shell double detonation (DDet) SN. Using detailed radiative transfer models, we show that the optical spectroscopic and photometric evolution of SN 2020jgb is broadly consistent with a similar to 0.95-1.00 M (circle dot) (C/O core + He-shell) progenitor ignited by a greater than or similar to 0.1 M (circle dot) He-shell. However, one-dimensional radiative transfer models without non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium treatment cannot accurately characterize the line-blanketing features, making the actual shell mass uncertain. We detect a prominent absorption feature at similar to 1 mu m in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of SN 2020jgb, which might originate from unburnt helium in the outermost ejecta. While the sample size is limited, we find similar 1 mu m features in all the peculiar He-shell DDet candidates with NIR spectra obtained to date. SN 2020jgb is also the first peculiar He-shell DDet SN discovered in a star-forming dwarf galaxy, indisputably showing that He-shell DDet SNe occur in both star-forming and passive galaxies, consistent with the normal SN Ia population.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
We present the Texas Euclid Survey for Ly alpha (TESLA), a spectroscopic survey in the 10 deg(2) of the Euclid North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field. Using TESLA, we study how the physical properties of Lya emitters (LAEs) correlate with Lya emission to understand the escape of Ly alpha emission from galaxies at redshifts of 2-3.5. We present an analysis of 43 LAEs performed in the NEP field using early data from the TESLA survey. We use Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging in the grizy bands, Spitzer/IRAC channels 1 and 2 from the Hawaii 20 deg(2) (H20) survey, and spectra acquired by the Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. We perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to compute the galaxy properties of 43 LAEs, and study correlations between stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and dust to the Lya rest-frame equivalent width (W-Ly alpha). We uncover marginal (1 sigma significance) correlations between stellar mass and W-Ly alpha, and SFR and W-Ly alpha, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0. 34(-.17)(+.14) and -0. 37(-.16)(+.14), respectively. We show that the WLya distribution of the 43 LAEs is consistent with being drawn from an exponential distribution with an e-folding scale of W-0 = 150 angstrom. Once complete the TESLA survey will enable the study of greater than or similar to 50,000 LAEs to explore more correlations between galaxy properties and W-Ly alpha. The large sample size will allow the construction of a predictive model for W-Ly alpha as a function of SED-derived galaxy properties, which could be used to improve Ly alpha-based constraints on reionization.
View Full Publication open_in_new

Pagination

  • Previous page chevron_left
  • …
  • Page 176
  • Page 177
  • Page 178
  • Page 179
  • Current page 180
  • Page 181
  • Page 182
  • Page 183
  • Page 184
  • …
  • Next page chevron_right
Subscribe to

Get the latest

Subscribe to our newsletters.

Privacy Policy
Home
  • Instagram instagram
  • Twitter twitter
  • Youtube youtube
  • Facebook facebook

Science

  • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
  • Earth & Planets Laboratory
  • Observatories
  • Research Areas
  • Strategic Initiatives

Legal

  • Financial Statements
  • Conflict of Interest Policy
  • Privacy Policy

Careers

  • Working at Carnegie
  • Scientific and Technical Jobs
  • Administrative & Support Jobs
  • Postdoctoral Program
  • Carnegie Connect (For Employees)

Contact Us

  • Contact Administration
  • Media Contacts

Business Address

5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

Washington, DC 20015

place Map

© Copyright Carnegie Science 2025