Spiral arms serve crucial purposes in star formation and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we report the identification of "A2744-DSG-z3," a dusty, multiarm spiral galaxy at z = 3.059 using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRISS imaging and grism spectroscopy. A2744-DSG-z3 was discovered as a gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This is the most distant stellar spiral structure seen thus far, consistent with cosmological simulations that suggest z approximate to 3 as the epoch when spirals emerge. Thanks to the gravitational lensing and excellent spatial resolution of JWST, the spiral arms are resolved with a spatial resolution of approximate to 290 pc. Based on spectral energy distribution fitting, the spiral galaxy has a delensed star formation rate of 85 +/- 30 M (circle dot) yr(-1), and a stellar mass of approximate to 10(10.6) M (circle dot), indicating that A2744-DSG-z3 is a main-sequence galaxy. After fitting the spiral arms, we find a stellar effective radius (R (e,star)) of 5.0 +/- 1.5 kpc. Combining with ALMA measurements, we find that the effective radii ratio between dust and stars is approximate to 0.4, similar to those of massive star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z similar to 2, indicating a compact dusty core in A2744-DSG-z3. Moreover, this galaxy appears to be living in a group environment: including A2744-DSG-z3, at least three galaxies at z = 3.05-3.06 are spectroscopically confirmed by JWST/NIRISS and ALMA, residing within a lensing-corrected projected scale of approximate to 70 kpc. This, along with the asymmetric brightness profile, further suggests that the spiral arms may be triggered by minor-merger events at z greater than or similar to 3.

The launch of JWST opens a new window for studying the connection between metal-line absorbers and galaxies at the end of the Epoch of Reionization. Previous studies have detected absorber-galaxy pairs in limited quantities through ground-based observations. To enhance our understanding of the relationship between absorbers and their host galaxies at z > 5, we utilized the NIRCam wide-field slitless spectroscopy to search for absorber-associated galaxies by detecting their rest-frame optical emission lines (e.g., [O III] + H beta). We report the discovery of a Mg ii-associated galaxy at z = 5.428 using data from the JWST ASPIRE program. The Mg ii absorber is detected on the spectrum of quasar J0305-3150 with a rest-frame equivalent width of 0.74 angstrom. The associated galaxy has an [O III] luminosity of 10(42.5) erg s(-1) with an impact parameter of 24.9 pkpc. The joint Hubble Space Telescope-JWST spectral energy distribution (SED) implies a stellar mass and star formation rate of M-* approximate to 10(8.8) M-circle dot, star-formation rate approximate to 10 M-circle dot yr(-1). Its [O III] equivalent width and stellar mass are typical of [O III] emitters at this redshift. Furthermore, connecting the outflow starting time to the SED-derived stellar age, the outflow velocity of this galaxy is similar to 300 km s(-1), consistent with theoretical expectations. We identified six additional [O III] emitters with impact parameters of up to similar to 300 pkpc at similar redshifts ( divide dv divide < 1000 km s(-1)). The observed number is consistent with that in cosmological simulations. This pilot study suggests that systematically investigating the absorber-galaxy connection within the ASPIRE program will provide insights into the metal-enrichment history in the early Universe.

The overturn of titanium-rich mantle cumulates has been invoked to explain the structure and dynamics of the Moon. These dense cumulates are stable at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and could explain field observations inferred from geophysical studies. We report acoustic and electrical experiments on natural ilmenite-rutile aggregates up to 4.5 GPa and 1920 K. Seismic velocities show a weak pressure and temperature dependence, with Vs similar to 4.2 (+/-0.2) km/s and Vp similar to 8.0 (+/-0.2) km/s at the CMB conditions. Conductivity increases by a factor of 10(4) from 373 to 1920 K and is >10(3) S/m above 1573 K. Seismic and electrical models for the lunar mantle based on our results, considering mixtures of Fe-Ti oxides and olivine, indicate that field velocity and conductivity estimates are reproduced satisfactorily with 3-16 vol.% Fe-Ti oxides and 20 vol.% melt. Interactions between a Ti-rich, melt-bearing layer and the adjacent core likely affect the cooling and magnetic history of the Moon.