The J-region asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) method is a new standard candle that is based on the stable intrinsic J-band magnitude of color-selected carbon stars, and has a precision comparable to other primary distance indicators such as Cepheids and the TRGB. We further test the accuracy of the JAGB method in the Local Group galaxy M33. M33's moderate inclination, low metallicity, and nearby proximity make it an ideal laboratory for tests of systematics in local distance indicators. Using high-precision optical BVI and near-infrared JHK photometry, we explore the application of three independent distance indicators: the JAGB method, the Cepheid Leavitt law, and the TRGB. We find: mu (0)(TRGB( I )) = 24.72 +/- 0.02 (stat) +/- 0.07 (sys) mag, mu (0)(TRGB(NIR)) = 24.72 +/- 0.04 (stat) +/- 0.10 (sys) mag, mu (0)(JAGB) = 24.67 +/- 0.03 (stat) +/- 0.04 (sys) mag, and mu (0)(Cepheid) = 24.71 +/- 0.04 (stat) +/- 0.01 (sys) mag. For the first time, we also directly compare a JAGB distance using ground-based and space-based photometry. We measure mu (0)(JAGB(F110W)) = 24.71 +/- 0.06 (stat) +/- 0.05 (sys) mag using the (F814W-F110W) color combination to effectively isolate the JAGB stars. In this paper, we measure a distance to M33 accurate to 2% and provide further evidence that the JAGB method is a powerful extragalactic distance indicator that can effectively probe a local measurement of the Hubble constant using spaced-based observations. We expect to measure the Hubble constant via the JAGB method in the near future, using observations from the James Webb Space Telescope.

The current Cepheid-calibrated distance ladder measurement of H (0) is reported to be in tension with the values inferred from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), assuming standard cosmology. However, some tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) estimates report H (0) in better agreement with the CMB. Hence, it is critical to reduce systematic uncertainties in local measurements to understand the Hubble tension. In this paper, we propose a uniform distance ladder between the second and third rungs, combining Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) with a TRGB calibration of their absolute luminosity. A large, volume-limited sample of both calibrator and Hubble flow SNe Ia from the same survey minimizes two of the largest sources of systematics: host-galaxy bias and nonuniform photometric calibration. We present results from a pilot study using the existing TRGB distance to the host galaxy of ZTF SN Ia SN 2021rhu (aka ZTF21abiuvdk) in NGC7814. Combining the ZTF calibrator with a volume-limited sample from the first data release of ZTF Hubble flow SNe Ia, we infer H (0) = 76.94 +/- 6.4 km s(-1) Mpc(-1), an 8.3% measurement. The error budget is dominated by the single object calibrating the SN Ia luminosity in this pilot study. However, the ZTF sample includes already five other SNe Ia within similar to 20 Mpc for which TRGB distances can be obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. Finally, we present the prospects of building this distance ladder out to 80 Mpc with James Webb Space Telescope observations of more than 100 ZTF SNe Ia.

We present an absolute calibration of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch (JAGB) method using published photometry of resolved stars in 20 nearby galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope using the WFC3-IR camera and the F110W (broad J-band) filter. True distance moduli for each of the galaxies are based on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) method as uniformly determined by Dalcanton et al. From a composite color-magnitude diagram composed of over 6 million stars, leading to a sample of 453 JAGB stars in these galaxies, we find M-F110W(JAGB) = -5.77 +/- 0.02 mag (statistical error on the mean). The external scatter seen in a comparison of the individual TRGB and the JAGB moduli is +/- 0.081 mag (or 4% in distance). Some of this scatter can be attributed to small number statistics arising from the sparse JAGB populations found in the generally low-luminosity galaxies that comprise the particular sample studied here. However, if this intermethod scatter is shared equitably between the JAGB and TRGB methods, that implies that each is good to +/- 0.06 mag, or better than 3% in distance.

Using parallaxes from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), we determine multi-wavelength BVI (c) , JHK (s) , and [3.6] and [4.5] micron absolute magnitudes for 37 nearby Milky Way Cepheids, covering the period range between 5 and 60 days. We apply these period-luminosity relations to Cepheids in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and find that the derived distances are significantly discrepant with the geometric distances according to detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs). We explore several potential causes of these issues, including reddening, metallicity, and the existence of an additional zero-point offset, but none provide a sufficient reconciliation with both DEB distances. We conclude that the combination of the systematic uncertainties on the EDR3 parallaxes with the uncertainties on the effect of metallicity on the Cepheid distance scale leads to a systematic error floor of approximately 3%. We therefore find that the EDR3 data are not sufficiently accurate in the regime of these bright Cepheids to determine extragalactic distances precise to the 1% level at this time, in agreement with a number of contemporary studies.

We present a new calibration of the J-band absolute magnitude of the JAGB method based on thermally pulsing AGB stars that are members of Milky Way open clusters, having distances and reddenings, independently compiled and published by Marigo. A total 17 of these photometrically selected J-Branch AGB stars give M ( J ) = -6.40 mag with a scatter of +/- 0.40 mag, and 1 sigma on the mean of +/- 0.10 mag. Combining the Milky Way field carbon star calibration of Lee with this determination gives a weighted average of M ( J )(MW) = -6.19 +/- 0.04 mag (error on the mean). This value is statistically indistinguishable from the value determined for this population of distance indicators in the LMC and SMC, giving further evidence that JAGB stars are extremely reliable distance indicators of high luminosity and universal applicability. Combining the zero-points for JAGB stars in these three systems, a value of M ( J ) = -6.20 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.04 (sys) mag becomes our best current estimate of the JAGB zero-point and its associated errors. Finally, we note that no evidence is found for any statistically significant dependence of this zero-point on metallicity.

Plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol (PI) 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P) has critical functions via both direct interactions and metabolic conversion to PI 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P-2) and other downstream metabolites. However, mechanisms that control this PtdIns4P pool in cells of higher eukaryotes remain elusive. PI4KIII alpha, the enzyme thought to synthesize this PtdIns4P pool, is reported to localize in the ER, contrary to the plasma membrane localization of its yeast homologue, Stt4. In this paper, we show that PI4KIII alpha was targeted to the plasma membrane as part of an evolutionarily conserved complex containing Efr3/rolling blackout, which we found was a palmitoylated peripheral membrane protein. PI4KIII alpha knockout cells exhibited a profound reduction of plasma membrane PtdIns4P but surprisingly only a modest reduction of PtdIns(4,5)P-2 because of robust up-regulation of PtdIns4P 5-kinases. In these cells, however, much of the PtdIns(4,5)P-2 was localized intracellularly, rather than at the plasma membrane as in control cells, along with proteins typically restricted to this membrane, revealing a major contribution of PI4KIII alpha to the definition of plasma membrane identity.

We present a status update for MagAO-X, a 2000 actuator, 3.6 kHz adaptive optics and coronagraph system for the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope. MagAO-X is optimized for high contrast imaging at visible wavelengths. Our primary science goals are detection and characterization of Solar System-like exoplanets, ranging from very young, still-accreting planets detected at H-alpha, to older temperate planets which will be characterized using reflected starlight. First light was in Dec, 2019, but subsequent commissioning runs were canceled due to COVID-19. In the interim, MagAO-X has served as a lab testbed. Highlights include implementation of several focal plane and low-order wavefront sensing algorithms, development of a new predictive control algorithm, and the addition of an IFU module. MagAO-X also serves as the AO system for the Giant Magellan Telescope High Contrast Adaptive Optics Testbed. We will provide an overview of these projects, and report the results of our commissioning and science run in April, 2022. Finally, we will present the status of a comprehensive upgrade to MagAO-X to enable extreme-contrast characterization of exoplanets in reflected light. These upgrades include a new post-AO 1000-actuator deformable mirror inside the coronagraph, latest generation sCMOS detectors for wavefront sensing, optimized PIAACMC coronagraphs, and computing system upgrades. When these Phase II upgrades are complete we plan to conduct a survey of nearby exoplanets in reflected light.

We present millimeter, optical, and soft X-ray observations of a stellar flare with an energy squarely in the regime of typical X1 solar flares. The flare was observed from Proxima Cen on 2019 May 6 as part of a larger multi-wavelength flare monitoring campaign and was captured by Chandra, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, the Irene du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. Millimeter emission appears to be a common occurrence in small stellar flares that had gone undetected until recently, making it difficult to interpret these events within the current multi-wavelength picture of the flaring process. The May 6 event is the smallest stellar millimeter flare detected to date. We compare the relationship between the soft X-ray and millimeter emission to that observed in solar flares. The X-ray and optical flare energies of 10(30.3 +/- 0.2) and 10(28.9 +/- 0.1) erg, respectively, the coronal temperature of T = 11.0 +/- 2.1 MK, and the emission measure of 9.5 +/- 2.2 x 10(49) cm(-3) are consistent with M-X class solar flares. We find the soft X-ray and millimeter emission during quiescence are consistent with the Gudel-Benz relation, but not during the flare. The millimeter luminosity is >100x higher than that of an equivalent X1 solar flare and lasts only seconds instead of minutes as seen for solar flares.

GMTNIRS (Giant Magellan Telescope Near-Infrared Spectrograph) is a high resolution (R = 65,000 - 80,000) wide-band near-infrared spectrograph, one of the first-generation instruments of the Giant Magellan Telescope. We present the preliminary design of the electronics system including temperature control, power distribution, vacuum pressure monitoring, moving mechanism, and packaging. Design for infrared detector subsystems for science bands (J, H, K, L, and M) and a slit-view camera is planned. The electronics system makes use of EtherCAT as fieldbus standard according to the requirement of the GMT.