Skip to main content
Home

Navigation Menu

  • Back
  • About
    • Back
    • About

      Contact Us

      Business Address
      5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

      Washington , DC 20015
      United States place Map
      Call Us (202) 387-640
    • Who We Are
      • Back
      • Leadership
      • Board & Advisory Committee
      • Financial Stewardship
      • Awards & Accolades
      • History
    • Connect with Us
      • Back
      • Outreach & Education
      • Newsletter
      • Yearbook
    • Working at Carnegie
      • Back
      • Applications Open: Postdoctoral Fellowships

    Contact Us

    Business Address
    5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

    Washington , DC 20015
    United States place Map
    Call Us (202) 387-6400
  • Research
    • Back
    • Research Areas & Topics
    • Research Areas & Topics
      • Back
      • Research Areas
      • From genomes to ecosystems and from planets to the cosmos, Carnegie Science is an incubator for cutting-edge, interdisciplinary research.
      • Astronomy & Astrophysics
        • Back
        • Astronomy & Astrophysics
        • Astrophysical Theory
        • Cosmology
        • Distant Galaxies
        • Milky Way & Stellar Evolution
        • Planet Formation & Evolution
        • Solar System & Exoplanets
        • Telescope Instrumentation
        • Transient & Compact Objects
      • Earth Science
        • Back
        • Earth Science
        • Experimental Petrology
        • Geochemistry
        • Geophysics & Geodynamics
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
      • Ecology
        • Back
        • Ecology
        • Atmospheric Science & Energy
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Water Quality & Scarcity
      • Genetics & Developmental Biology
        • Back
        • Genetics & Developmental Biology
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Developmental Biology & Human Health
        • Genomics
        • Model Organism Development
        • Nested Ecosystems
        • Symbiosis
      • Matter at Extreme States
        • Back
        • Matter at Extreme States
        • Extreme Environments
        • Extreme Materials
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
      • Planetary Science
        • Back
        • Planetary Science
        • Astrobiology
        • Cosmochemistry
        • Mineralogy & Mineral Physics
        • Planet Formation & Evolution
        • Solar System & Exoplanets
      • Plant Science
        • Back
        • Plant Science
        • Adaptation to Climate Change
        • Nested Ecosystems
        • Photosynthesis
        • Symbiosis
    • Divisions
      • Back
      • Divisions
      • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
        • Back
        • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory
        • Back
        • Earth & Planets Laboratory
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
        • Campus
      • Observatories
        • Back
        • Observatories
        • About

          Contact Us

          Business Address
          5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

          Washington , DC 20015
          United States place Map
          Call Us (202) 387-640
        • Research
        • Culture
        • Campus
    • Instrumentation
      • Back
      • Instrumentation
      • Our Telescopes
        • Back
        • Our Telescopes
        • Magellan Telescopes
        • Swope Telescope
        • du Pont Telescope
      • Observatories Machine Shop
      • EPL Research Facilities
      • EPL Machine Shop
      • Mass Spectrometry Facility
      • Advanced Imaging Facility
  • People
    • Back
    • People
      Observatory Staff

      Featured Staff Member

      Staff Member

      Staff Member

      Professional Title

      Learn More
      Observatory Staff

      Search For

    • Search All People
      • Back
      • Staff Scientists
      • Leadership
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering People
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory People
      • Observatories People
    Observatory Staff
    Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai
    Senior Staff Scientist

    Featured Staff Member

    Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai

    Senior Staff Scientist

    Learn More
    Observatory Staff
    Dr. Margaret McFall-Ngai
    Senior Staff Scientist

    Microbiome specialist Margaret McFall-Ngai’s research focuses on the beneficial relationships between animals and bacteria, including the establishment and maintenance of symbiosis, the evolution of these interactions, and their impact on the animal’s health.

    Search For

    Search All Staff
  • Events
    • Back
    • Events
    • Search All Events
      • Back
      • Public Events
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering Events
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory Events
      • Observatories Events

    Upcoming Events

    Events

    Events

    2005_DTM_NASAEnceladusTigerStripes
    Public Program

    Neighborhood Lecture Series Program With Dr. Caleb Scharf

    Dr. Caleb Scharf

    November 6

    6:30pm EST

    Two people look at each other
    Public Program

    Face Value: How the Brain Shapes Human Connection

    Nancy Kanwisher

    October 29

    6:30pm EDT

    Open House Background
    Public Program

    Earth & Planets Laboratory Open House

    Earth & Planets Laboratory

    October 25

    1:00pm EDT

  • News
    • Back
    • News
    • Search All News
      • Back
      • Biosphere Science & Engineering News
      • Earth & Planets Laboratory News
      • Observatories News
      • Carnegie Science News
    News

    Recent News

    News

    Read all News
    Stars in space
    Breaking News
    September 30, 2025

    Vote for Carnegie Science’s 2025 Holiday Card

    Artist's conception of moon-forming environment. Credit: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Gabriele Cugno (University of Zürich, NCCR PlanetS), Sierra Grant (Carnegie Institution for Science), Joseph Olmsted (STScI), Leah Hustak (STScI)
    Breaking News
    September 29, 2025

    Astronomers get first-ever peek into a gas giant’s moon-forming environment

    Breaking News
    September 24, 2025

    Steven B. Shirey awarded AGU’s Hess Medal

  • Donate
    • Back
    • Donate
      - ,

    • Make a Donation
      • Back
      • Support Scientific Research
      • The Impact of Your Gift
      • Carnegie Champions
      • Planned Giving
    Jo Ann Eder

    I feel passionately about the power of nonprofits to bolster healthy communities.

    - Jo Ann Eder , Astronomer and Alumna

    Header Text

    Postdoctoral alumna Jo Ann Eder is committed to making the world a better place by supporting organizations, like Carnegie, that create and foster STEM learning opportunities for all. 

    Learn more arrow_forward
  • Home

Abstract
Julia scripts and other code for reproducing the figures in the manuscript "Eco-evolutionary emergence of macroecological scaling in plankton communities". See the file 'Readme.txt' for instructions for running the scripts. Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Vegetation and precipitation are known to fundamentally influence each other. However, this interdependence is not fully represented in climate models because the characteristics of land surface (canopy) conductance to water vapor and CO2 are determined independently of precipitation. Working within a coupled atmosphere and land modelling framework (CAM6/CLM5; coupled Community Atmosphere Model v6/Community Land Model v5), we have developed a new theoretical approach to characterizing land surface conductance by explicitly linking its dynamic properties to local precipitation, a robust proxy for moisture available to vegetation. This will enable regional surface conductance characteristics to shift fluidly with climate change in simulations, consistent with general principles of co-evolution of vegetation and climate. Testing within the CAM6/CLM5 framework shows that climate simulations incorporating the new theory outperform current default configurations across several error metrics for core output variables when measured against observational data. In climate simulations for the end of this century the new, adaptive stomatal conductance scheme provides a revised prognosis for average and extreme temperatures over several large regions, with increased primary productivity through central and east Asia, and higher rainfall through North Africa and the Middle East. The new projections also reveal more frequent heatwaves than originally estimated for the south-eastern US and sub-Saharan Africa but less frequent heatwaves across east Europe and northeast Asia. These developments have implications for evaluating food security and risks from extreme temperatures in areas that are vulnerable to climate change.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) UNFERTILIZED EMBRYO SAC 12 (AtUNE12) belongs to the basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding superfamily of proteins. However, its function is not well known. Here, we found that AtUNE12 plays an important role in mediating salt tolerance. AtUNE12 is a transcriptional activator located in the nucleus whose expression is induced by NaCl, mannitol, and abscisic acid. In addition to binding to the G-box "CACGTG", AtUNE12 also binds to the low temperature responsive element 15 (LTRE15) "CCGAC". Furthermore, the serine residue at position 108 of AtUNE12 is phosphorylated during the salt stress response, enabling AtUNE12 to trigger gene expression by binding to G-box and/or LTRE15 motifs. Phosphorylated AtUNE12 regulates the expression of the genes involved in ion transport leading to reduced Na+ accumulation and K+ loss. At the same time, phosphorylation of AtUNE12 also induces the expression of AtMYB61 to decrease stomatal aperture, leading to a reduced transpiration rate. Overall, AtUNE12 serves as a transcriptional activator that is induced and phosphorylated upon salt stress, and the induction and phosphorylation of AtUNE12 in turn activate the salt-overly-sensitive pathway and decrease the stomatal aperture, enabling improved salt tolerance.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Plants often adapt to adverse or stress conditions via differential growth. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) has been implicated in stress responses, but it is not clear in what capacity it mediates adaptive growth decisions. In this study, we assess the role of the TGN in stress responses by exploring the previously identified interactome of the Transport Protein Particle II (TRAPPII) complex required for TGN structure and function. We identified physical and genetic interactions between AtTRAPPII and shaggy-like kinases (GSK3/AtSKs) and provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that the TRAPPII phosphostatus mediates adaptive responses to abiotic cues. AtSKs are multifunctional kinases that integrate a broad range of signals. Similarly, the AtTRAPPII interactome is vast and considerably enriched in signaling components. An AtSK-TRAPPII interaction would integrate all levels of cellular organization and instruct the TGN, a central and highly discriminate cellular hub, as to how to mobilize and allocate resources to optimize growth and survival under limiting or adverse conditions.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Throughout history, humans have relied on plants as a source of medication, flavoring, and food. Plants synthesize large chemical libraries and release many of these compounds into the rhizosphere and atmosphere where they affect animal and microbe behavior. To survive, nematodes must have evolved the sensory capacity to distinguish plant-made small molecules (SMs) that are harmful and must be avoided from those that are beneficial and should be sought. This ability to classify chemical cues as a function of their value is fundamental to olfaction, and represents a capacity shared by many animals, including humans. Here, we present an efficient platform based on multi-well plates, liquid handling instrumentation, inexpensive optical scanners, and bespoke software that can efficiently determine the valence (attraction or repulsion) of single SMs in the model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Using this integrated hardware-wetware-software platform, we screened 90 plant SMs and identified 37 that attracted or repelled wild-type animals, but had no effect on mutants defective in chemosensory transduction. Genetic dissection indicates that for at least 10 of these SMs, response valence emerges from the integration of opposing signals, arguing that olfactory valence is often determined by integrating chemosensory signals over multiple lines of information. This study establishes that C. elegans is an effective discovery engine for determining chemotaxis valence and for identifying natural products detected by the chemosensory nervous system.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Throughout history, humans have relied on plants as a source of medication, flavoring, and food. Plants synthesize large chemical libraries and release many of these compounds into the rhizosphere and atmosphere where they affect animal and microbe behavior. To survive, nematodes must have evolved the sensory capacity to distinguish plant-made small molecules (SMs) that are harmful and must be avoided from those that are beneficial and should be sought. This ability to classify chemical cues as a function of their value is fundamental to olfaction, and represents a capacity shared by many animals, including humans. Here, we present an efficient platform based on multi-well plates, liquid handling instrumentation, inexpensive optical scanners, and bespoke software that can efficiently determine the valence (attraction or repulsion) of single SMs in the model nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. Using this integrated hardware-wetware-software platform, we screened plant SMs and identified 37 that attracted or repelled wild-type animals, but had no effect on mutants defective in chemosensory transduction. Genetic dissection indicates that for at least 10 of these SMs, response valence emerges from the integration of opposing signals, arguing that olfactory valence is often determined by integrating chemosensory signals over multiple lines of information. This study establishes that C. elegans is an effective discovery engine for determining chemotaxis valence and for identifying natural products detected by the chemosensory nervous system.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Noninvasive phenotyping can quantify dynamic plant growth processes at higher temporal resolution than destructive phenotyping and can reveal phenomena that would be missed by end-point analysis alone. Additionally, whole-plant phenotyping can identify growth conditions that are optimal for both above- and below-ground tissues. However, noninvasive, whole-plant phenotyping approaches available today are generally expensive, complex, and non-modular. We developed a low-cost and versatile approach to non-invasively measure whole-plant physiology over time by growing plants in isolated hydroponic chambers. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by measuring whole-plant biomass accumulation, water consumption, and water use efficiency every two days on unstressed and osmotically-stressed sorghum accessions. We identified relationships between root zone acidification and photosynthetic efficiency on whole-plant water use efficiency over time. Our system can be implemented using cheap, basic components, requires no specific technical expertise, and is suitable for any non-aquatic vascular plant species.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Rhamnose is an essential component of the plant cell wall and is synthesized from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucose by the RHAMNOSE1 (RHM1) enzyme. RHM1 localizes to biomolecular condensates in plants, but their identity, formation, and function remain elusive. Combining live imaging, genetics, and biochemical approaches in Arabidopsis and heterologous systems, we show that RHM1 alone is sufficient to form enzymatically active condensates, which we name ‘rhamnosomes’. Rhamnosome formation is required for UDP-rhamnose synthesis and organ development. Overall, our study demonstrates a novel role for biomolecular condensation in metabolism and organismal development, and provides further support for how organisms have harnessed this biophysical process to regulate small molecule metabolism.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
Noninvasive phenotyping can quantify dynamic plant growth processes at higher temporal resolution than destructive phenotyping and can reveal phenomena that would be missed by end-point analysis alone. Additionally, whole-plant phenotyping can identify growth conditions that are optimal for both above- and below-ground tissues. However, noninvasive, whole-plant phenotyping approaches available today are generally expensive, complex, and non-modular. We developed a low-cost and versatile approach to noninvasively measure whole-plant physiology over time by growing plants in isolated hydroponic chambers. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach by measuring whole-plant biomass accumulation, water use, and water use efficiency every two days on unstressed and osmotically stressed sorghum accessions. We identified relationships between root zone acidification and photosynthesis on whole-plant water use efficiency over time. Our system can be implemented using cheap, basic components, requires no specific technical expertise, and should be suitable for any non-aquatic vascular plant species.
View Full Publication open_in_new
Abstract
We find that Large Igneous Province (LIP) volcanism, mostly continental flood basalts (CFBs), along with the largest extraterrestrial impacts show significant correlations with mass -extinction events in the Phanerozoic geologic record. The ages of the 6 major marine mass extinctions (>= 40% extinction of genera) of the last 541 My-the end -Ordovician (-444 Ma), late Devonian (-372 Ma), end-Guadalupian (-259 Ma), end -Permian (-252 Ma), end -Triassic (-201 Ma), and end -Cretaceous (66 Ma) extinctions are significantly correlated with high -quality U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar ages of 6 continental flood basalts (CFBs) -the Cape St. Mary's, Viluy, Emeishan, Siberian, CAMP, and the Deccan Basalts, The mass extinctions also coincide with stratigraphic Hg anomalies representing proxy evidence for the synchrony of the extinctions and the basaltic volcanism. Furthermore, ages of 6 minor extinction events (15% to 25% extinction of marine genera) at - 94 Ma, 124 Ma, 134 Ma, 183 Ma, 290 Ma and 510 Ma also coincided with 6 well -dated CFB eruptions (the Madagascar, HALIP, Parana/Etendeka, Karoo/Ferrar, Panjal and Kakarindji Basalts) and with associated Hg anomalies. At least 3 minor extinction events (at - 145 Ma, 215 Ma and 227 Ma) apparently occurred close to times of oceanic plateau (OP) volcanism in the Pacific Ocean (Shatsky Rise, Angayucham and Wrangellia Basalts). Major and minor marine mass -extinction episodes at times of CFB eruptions were commonly accompanied by ocean anoxic/euxinic events, increased ocean acidity, high atmospheric pCO2, increases in UV -B radiation from ozone -layer destruction, and pulses of high ambient temperatures, providing potential immediate causes for the mass extinctions. The 4 most recent major marine extinctions (-66 Ma, 201 Ma, 252 Ma, and 260 Ma) and a minor extinction (-290 Ma) coincided with the ages of CFBs and with concurrent mass extinctions of non -marine vertebrates, indicating global -scale volcanogenic environmental crises on land and in the sea. The age of the abrupt end -Cretaceous major mass extinction (66 Ma) overlaps with the age of the Deccan eruptions, but is exactly coincident with the very large Chicxulub impact (180 km diameter crater), possibly the largest terrestrial impact of the last -3 By. The ages of the 3 next largest well -dated Phanerozoic terrestrial impact craters (>= 100 km in diameter), the Popigai, Morokweng and Manicouagan craters, capable of causing widespread environmental effects, are concurrent with the ages of minor extinction events at -37 Ma, 145 Ma and 215 Ma. The significant correlations and the predicted severe environmental consequences of these major volcanic and impact events are very convincing that 12 CFB eruptions, at least 3 oceanic plateau eruptions, and the 4 largest impacts were involved with recognized biotic mass -extinction episodes of the last 541 My, and leave little room for alternate primary causes of the extinctions.
View Full Publication open_in_new

Pagination

  • Previous page chevron_left
  • …
  • Page 77
  • Page 78
  • Page 79
  • Page 80
  • Current page 81
  • Page 82
  • Page 83
  • Page 84
  • Page 85
  • …
  • Next page chevron_right
Subscribe to

Get the latest

Subscribe to our newsletters.

Privacy Policy
Home
  • Instagram instagram
  • Twitter twitter
  • Youtube youtube
  • Facebook facebook

Science

  • Biosphere Sciences & Engineering
  • Earth & Planets Laboratory
  • Observatories
  • Research Areas

Legal

  • Financial Statements
  • Conflict of Interest Policy
  • Privacy Policy

Careers

  • Working at Carnegie
  • Scientific and Technical Jobs
  • Administrative & Support Jobs
  • Postdoctoral Program
  • Carnegie Connect (For Employees)

Contact Us

  • Contact Administration
  • Media Contacts

Business Address

5241 Broad Branch Rd. NW

Washington, DC 20015

place Map

© Copyright Carnegie Science 2025