Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathways protect cells from toxicity caused by incomplete protein products resulting from translation of damaged or problematic mRNAs. Extensive work in yeast has identified highly conserved mechanisms that lead to degradation of faulty mRNA and partially synthesized polypeptides. Here we used CRISPR-Cas9-based screening to search for additional RQC strategies in mammals. We found that failed translation leads to specific inhibition of translation initiation on that message. This negative feedback loop is mediated by two translation inhibitors, GIGYF2 and 4EHP. Model substrates and growth-based assays established that inhibition of additional rounds of translation acts in concert with known RQC pathways to prevent buildup of toxic proteins. Inability to block translation of faulty mRNAs and subsequent accumulation of partially synthesized polypeptides could explain the neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders observed in mice and humans with compromised GIGYF2 function.

GLO-Bot data for analysis For both the six accessions (HL-##) and the diversity panel (GWA#) we provide: The full inverted images input to GLO-RIAv2 6accessions_images.zip and GWA#.zip Filesfor detailed information about the accessions and ID numbers 6accessions-rhizotrons.csv and diversiry-rhizotrons.csv The raw root data from GLO-RIAv2 ####-all-root-data-[local/global/roi].csv for the full root system analysis ####-tip-root-data-[local/global/roi].csv for the per day tip tracking analysis The calculated traits 6accessions-all_traits.csv and diversity-calculated_traits.csv The fitted traits (diversity only) diversity-bv_fitted_phenotypes.csv Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Open Access

GLO-Bot data for analysis For both the six accessions and the diversity panel we provide: The full inverted images input to GLO-RIAv2 A `_rhizotrons.csv` file for detailed information about the accessions and ID numbers The raw root data from GLO-RIAv2 The calculated traits The fitted traits (diversity only) Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Open Access

Agricultural intensification in India has increased nitrogen pollution, leading to water quality impairments. The fate of reactive nitrogen applied to the land is largely unknown, however. Long-term records of riverine nitrogen fluxes are nonexistent and drivers of variability remain unexamined, limiting the development of nitrogen management strategies. Here, we leverage dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and discharge data to characterize the seasonal, annual, and regional variability of DIN fluxes and their drivers for seven major river basins from 1981 to 2014. We find large seasonal and interannual variability in nitrogen runoff, with 68% to 94% of DIN fluxes occurring in June through October and with the coefficient of variation across years ranging from 44% to 93% for individual basins. This variability is primarily explained by variability in precipitation, with year-and basin-specific annual precipitation explaining 52% of the combined regional and interannual variability. We find little correlation with rising fertilizer application rates in five of the seven basins, implying that agricultural intensification has thus far primarily impacted groundwater and atmospheric emissions rather than riverine runoff. These findings suggest that riverine nitrogen runoff in India is highly sensitive to projected future increases in precipitation and intensification of the seasonal monsoon, while the impact of projected continued land use intensification is highly uncertain.

The tectonic and geologic setting of eastern Oregon includes the volcanically active High Lava Plains (HLP) province and the accreted terrains of the Blue and Wallowa Mountains and is bounded by the Columbia River flood basalts to the north, Basin and Range extension to the south, the Cascade arc to the west, and stable North America to the east. Several models have been proposed to explain the tectonic evolution of eastern Oregon and, in particular, the voluminous volcanic activity in the HLP. but a consensus on which model fully describes the complex range of processes remains elusive. Measurements of the seismic anisotropy that results from active mantle flow beneath the region can provide a crucial test of such models. To constrain this anisotropy, here we present new SKS splitting results obtained at approximately 200 broadband seismic stations in eastern Oregon and the surrounding region. Data come from the USArray Transportable Array (TA) and two temporary experiments carried out in the HLP and in the Wallowa Mountains. Our splitting data set includes similar to 2900 individual splitting measurements from SKS phases recorded between 2006 and 2008. Stations in eastern Oregon exhibit significant shear wave splitting, with average delay times at individual stations between similar to 0.8 s and similar to 2.7 s. In the HLP, nearly all observed fast directions are approximately E-W, while to the north in the Blue and Wallowa Mountains there is more variability in the splitting patterns. The average delay time observed at stations located in the heart of the HILP province is similar to 2 s, well above the global average of similar to 1 s for continental regions. We infer from the large split times and homogeneous fast directions that there must be significant active flow in a roughly E-W direction in the asthenosphere beneath the HLP; this inferred flow field places a strong constraint on models that seek to explain the young tectonomagmatic activity in the region. In the Wallowa region, the anisotropic signature is more complicated and there may be a significant contribution from fossil fabrics in the crust or mantle lithosphere. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The tectonic and geologic setting of eastern Oregon includes the volcanically active High Lava Plains (HLP) province and the accreted terrains of the Blue and Wallowa Mountains and is bounded by the Columbia River flood basalts to the north, Basin and Range extension to the south, the Cascade arc to the west, and stable North America to the east. Several models have been proposed to explain the tectonic evolution of eastern Oregon and, in particular, the voluminous volcanic activity in the HLP. but a consensus on which model fully describes the complex range of processes remains elusive. Measurements of the seismic anisotropy that results from active mantle flow beneath the region can provide a crucial test of such models. To constrain this anisotropy, here we present new SKS splitting results obtained at approximately 200 broadband seismic stations in eastern Oregon and the surrounding region. Data come from the USArray Transportable Array (TA) and two temporary experiments carried out in the HLP and in the Wallowa Mountains. Our splitting data set includes similar to 2900 individual splitting measurements from SKS phases recorded between 2006 and 2008. Stations in eastern Oregon exhibit significant shear wave splitting, with average delay times at individual stations between similar to 0.8 s and similar to 2.7 s. In the HLP, nearly all observed fast directions are approximately E-W, while to the north in the Blue and Wallowa Mountains there is more variability in the splitting patterns. The average delay time observed at stations located in the heart of the HILP province is similar to 2 s, well above the global average of similar to 1 s for continental regions. We infer from the large split times and homogeneous fast directions that there must be significant active flow in a roughly E-W direction in the asthenosphere beneath the HLP; this inferred flow field places a strong constraint on models that seek to explain the young tectonomagmatic activity in the region. In the Wallowa region, the anisotropic signature is more complicated and there may be a significant contribution from fossil fabrics in the crust or mantle lithosphere. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Since the mid-Miocene, the northwestern United States has experienced extensive flood basalt volcanism, followed by the formation of two time-progressive tracks of silicic volcanism: the Yellowstone/Snake River Plains (YSRP) and the High Lava Plains (HLP). The YSRP track progresses towards the northeast, parallel to North American plate motion, and has therefore often been attributed to a deep mantle plume source. However, the HLP track progresses to the northwest over the same time frame in a direction not consistent with any regional plate motion. The causes of the mid-Miocene flood basalts and the tracks of the YSRP and HLP are a matter of ongoing debate. We present results of Rayleigh wave phase velocity inversions and inversions for 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the northwestern United States using data collected from the High Lava Plains seismic experiment and the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array (TA). The large number of stations used in these inversions allows us to show an unprecedented level of detail in the seismic velocity structures of this tectonically complex area. Our velocity images indicate that low S-wave velocities in the uppermost mantle do not well match the track of HLP volcanism. While at the surface the Newberry caldera appears to anchor the NW end of the HLP hotspot track, the seismic results show that it lies in a separate, north-south trending low velocity band just east of the Cascades that is distinct from the main HLP trace.

Since the mid-Miocene, the northwestern United States has experienced extensive flood basalt volcanism, followed by the formation of two time-progressive tracks of silicic volcanism: the Yellowstone/Snake River Plains (YSRP) and the High Lava Plains (HLP). The YSRP track progresses towards the northeast, parallel to North American plate motion, and has therefore often been attributed to a deep mantle plume source. However, the HLP track progresses to the northwest over the same time frame in a direction not consistent with any regional plate motion. The causes of the mid-Miocene flood basalts and the tracks of the YSRP and HLP are a matter of ongoing debate. We present results of Rayleigh wave phase velocity inversions and inversions for 3-D shear wave velocity structure of the northwestern United States using data collected from the High Lava Plains seismic experiment and the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array (TA). The large number of stations used in these inversions allows us to show an unprecedented level of detail in the seismic velocity structures of this tectonically complex area. Our velocity images indicate that low S-wave velocities in the uppermost mantle do not well match the track of HLP volcanism. While at the surface the Newberry caldera appears to anchor the NW end of the HLP hotspot track, the seismic results show that it lies in a separate, north-south trending low velocity band just east of the Cascades that is distinct from the main HLP trace.

We use data from the 118-station High Lava Plains (HLP) seismic experiment together with other regional broadband seismic data to image the 3D shear wave velocity structure in the Pacific Northwest using ambient noise tomography. This extensive data set allows us to resolve fine-scale crustal structures throughout the HLP area in greater detail than previous studies. Our results show 1) a high velocity cylinder in the crust and average velocities in the upper mantle beneath the Owyhee Plateau; 2) a mid-crustal high velocity anomaly along the Snake River Plain that also extends south into Nevada and Utah; 3) a low velocity anomaly directly beneath Yellowstone throughout the crust; and 4) low velocities beneath the HLP both in the crust and uppermost mantle, possibly indicating very thin or absent mantle lithosphere in the area. These features provide important constraints on possible models for Miocene to recent volcanism in the Pacific Northwest. Citation: Hanson-Hedgecock, S., L. S. Wagner, M. J. Fouch, and D. E. James (2012), Constraints on the causes of mid-Miocene volcanism in the Pacific Northwest US from ambient noise tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05301, doi:10.1029/2012GL051108.