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Illustration of a plant growing on a computer chip purchased from Shutterstock.
June 13, 2022

Plants’ Threat-Detection Mechanisms Raise The Alarm

Chlamydomonas photo courtesy of Natasha and Natalie Rothhausen of the University of Dusseldorf.
June 13, 2022

“Protective Cloak” Prevents Plants From Self-Harming In Very Bright Conditions

The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as M-31. Credit: NASA/MSFC/Meteoroid Environment Office/Bill Cook
June 13, 2022

Tracing The Remnants Of Andromeda’s Violent History

Abstract
Water availability plays a critical role in shaping terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in low- and mid-latitude regions. The sensitivity of vegetation growth to precipitation strongly regulates global vegetation dynamics and their responses to drought, yet sensitivity changes in response to climate change remain poorly understood. Here we use long-term satellite observations combined with a dynamic statistical learning approach to examine changes in the sensitivity of vegetation greenness to precipitation over the past four decades. We observe a robust increase in precipitation sensitivity (0.624% yr-1) for drylands, and a decrease (-0.618% yr-1) for wet regions. Using model simulations, we show that the contrasting trends between dry and wet regions are caused by elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2). eCO2 universally decreases the precipitation sensitivity by reducing leaf-level transpiration, particularly in wet regions. However, in drylands, this leaf-level transpiration reduction is overridden at the canopy scale by a large proportional increase in leaf area. The increased sensitivity for global drylands implies a potential decrease in ecosystem stability and greater impacts of droughts in these vulnerable ecosystems under continued global change.
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Burlacot and his collaborators conducted their research using the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Microscopic image purchased from Shutterstock.

Burlacot and his collaborators conducted their research using the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Microscopic image purchased from Shutterstock.

April 27, 2022

What Can Plants Learn From Algae?

Abstract
Mechanical forces control development in plants and animals, acting as cues in pattern formation and as the driving force of morphogenesis. In mammalian cells, molecular assemblies residing at the interface of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix play an important role in perceiving and transmitting external mechanical signals to trigger physiological responses. Similar processes occur in plants, but there is little understanding of the molecular mechanisms and their genetic basis. Here, we show that the number and movement directions of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) at the plasma membrane vary during initial stages of development in the cotyledon epidermis of Arabidopsis, closely mirroring the microtubule organization. Uncoupling microtubules and CSCs resulted in enhanced microtubule co-alignment as caused by mechanical stimuli driven either by cell shape or by tissue-scale physical perturbations. Furthermore, micromechanical perturbation resulted in depletion of CSCs from the plasma membrane, suggesting a possible link between cellulose synthase removal from the plasma membrane and microtubule response to mechanical stimuli. Taken together, our results suggest that the interaction of cellulose synthase with cortical microtubules forms a physical continuum between the cell wall, plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton that modulates the mechano-response of the cytoskeleton.
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Nuclear towers photograph purchased from Shutterstock
February 14, 2022

Nuclear Power May Be The Key To Least-Cost, Zero-Emission Electricity Systems

Artist's conception of gut microbiome as slot machine by Navid Marvi, courtesy of the Carnegie Institution for Science

Artist's conception of gut microbiome as slot machine by Navid Marvi, courtesy of the Carnegie Institution for Science

February 09, 2022

Your Microbiome Shapes Your Life. But Where Did It Come From?

Plant cells under a microscope
February 07, 2022

Elucidating Plants’ Survival Skills Could Save Humanity In A Changing Climate

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