Mathematica code for "A general framework for species-abundance distributions: linking traits and dispersal to explain commonness and rarity", Ecology Letters. Requires: Wolfram Mathematica (tested on v13.1) EcoEvo package (tested on v1.6.4) This research was supported by the Simons Foundation grant 343149, NSF grant DEB 17-54250 and NASA grant 80NSSC18K1084. Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Open Access

The chromatin associated with the nuclear lamina (NL) is referred to as lamina-associated domains (LADs). Here, we present an adaptation of the tyramide-signal amplification sequencing (TSA-seq) protocol, which we call chromatin pull down-based TSA-seq (cTSA-seq), that can be used to map chromatin regions at or near the NL from as little as 50 000 cells. The cTSA-seq mapped regions are composed of previously defined LADs and smaller chromatin regions that fall within the Hi-C defined B-compartment containing nuclear peripheral heterochromatin. We used cTSA-seq to map chromatin at or near the assembling NL in cultured cells progressing through early G1. cTSA-seq revealed that the distal ends of chromosomes are near or at the reassembling NL during early G1, a feature similar to those found in senescent cells. We expand the use of cTSA-seq to the mapping of chromatin at or near the NL from fixed-frozen mouse cerebellar tissue sections. This mapping reveals a general conservation of NL-associated chromatin and identifies global and local changes during cerebellar development. The cTSA-seq method reported here is useful for analyzing chromatin at or near the NL from small numbers of cells derived from both in vitro and in vivo sources.

Our past GAPplanetS survey over the last 5 years with the MagAO visible AO system discovered the first examples of accreting protoplanets (by direct observation of H-alpha emission). Examples include LkCa15 b (Sallum et al. 2015) and PDS70 b (Wagner et al. 2018). In this paper we review the science performance of the newly (Dec. 2019) commissioned MagAO-X extreme AO system. In particular, we use the vAPP coronagraphic contrasts measured during MagAO-X first light. We use the Massive Accreting Gap (MAG) protoplanet model of Close 2020 to predict the H-alpha contrasts of 19 of the best transitional disk systems (ages 1-5 Myr) for the direct detection of H-alpha from accretion of hydrogen onto these protoplanets. The MAG protoplanet model applied to the observed first light MagAO-X contrasts predict a maximum yield of 46 +/- 7 planets from 19 stars (42 of these planets would be new discoveries). This suggests that there is a large, yet, unexplored reservoir of protoplanets that can be discovered with an extreme AO coronagraphic survey of 19 of the best transitional disk systems. Based on our first light contrasts we predict a healthy yield of protoplanets from our MaxProtoPlanetS survey of 19 transitional disks with MagAO-X.

Correlations between chemical and structural complexities of minerals were analysed using a total of 4962 datasets on the chemical compositions and 3989 datasets on the crystal structures of minerals. The amounts of structural and chemical Shannon information per atom and per unit cell or formula unit were calculated using the approach proposed by Krivovichev with no H-correction for the minerals with unknown H positions. Statistical analysis shows that there are strong and positive correlations (R-2 > 0.95) between the chemical and structural complexities and the number of different chemical elements in a mineral. Analysis of relations between chemical and structural complexities provides strong evidence that there is an overall trend of increasing structural complexity with the increasing chemical complexity. Following Hazen, four groups of minerals were considered that represent four eras of mineral evolution: "ur-minerals", minerals from chondritic meteorites, Hadean minerals, and minerals of the post-Hadean era. The analysis of mean chemical and structural complexities for the four groups demonstrate that both are gradually increasing in the course of mineral evolution. The increasing complexity follows an overall passive trend: more complex minerals form with the passage of geological time, yet the simpler ones are not replaced. The observed correlations between the chemical and structural complexities understood in terms of Shannon information suggest that, at a first approximation, chemical differentiation is a major force driving the increase of complexity of minerals in the course of geological time. New levels of complexity and diversification observed in mineral evolution are achieved through the chemical differentiation, which favours local concentrations of particular rare elements and creation of new geochemical environments.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data have been obtained for crystals of the F analog of superhydrous phase B, Mg10Si3O14F4. Twinned crystals were synthesized using a split-sphere anvil apparatus (USSA-2000) at pressures between 17.8 and 22.3 GPa and temperatures between 1450 and 1600 degrees C, Orthorhombic (space group Pnnm) unit-cell parameters are a = 5.050(3), b = 13.969(2), and c = 8.640(3) Angstrom. The substitution of F for H results in minor crystal chemical changes. Notably, average Mg-F distances (1.95 Angstrom) are shorter than the corresponding average of Mg-OH distances (1.98 Angstrom). These differences are reflected in shortening of unit-cell axes a and c in superfluorous B by 0.6 and 0.8%, respectively, relative to superhydrous B, while the b axis is unchanged. The close similarities between superhydrous and superfluorous B phases suggest that F will usually substitute for OH- in mantle phases.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data have been obtained for synthetic Fe-Mg silicate spinels, gamma-(MgxFe1-x)2SiO4 (x = 1.00, 0.40, and 0.20). The measurements on gamma-Mg2SiO4 synthesized at 20 GPa and 1400-degrees-C, compared with previous data on a specimen synthesized at 22 GPa and 1000-degrees-C, provide evidence that approximately 4% of Si(tot), enters octahedral coordination in the sample synthesized at higher temperature. Fe-bearing silicate spinels synthesized at lower pressures display no evidence for Fe-Si disorder.

Structural and volume compressibility data for reedmergnerite, NaBSi3O8, were obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at pressures up to 4.7 GPa. The bulk modulus was determined to be 69.8(5) GPa with the pressure derivative constrained to 4. Unit-cell compression is anisotropic, as indicated by unit strain tensors. Tetrahedral bond lengths and angles remained relatively constant over the pressure interval, whereas Na-O bonds decreased systematically. T-O-T angles underwent a variety of behaviors, remaining constant or decreasing with pressure.