Zechmeister et al. surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from 2000 to 2007 March with VLT2 and the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectrometer. These data have recently been reanalyzed, yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher, Magellan/Planet Finder Spectrograph, and Keck/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various time spans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by James Webb Space Telescope and E-ELT. In addition, we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 05 from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for the direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.

The abundance of short-period planetary systems with high orbital obliquities relative to the spin of their host stars is often taken as evidence that scattering processes play important roles in the formation and evolution of these systems. More recent studies have suggested that wide binary companions can tilt protoplanetary disks, inducing a high stellar obliquity that form through smooth processes like disk migration. DS Tuc Ab, a transiting planet with an 8.138 day period in the 40 Myr Tucana-Horologium association, likely orbits in the same plane as its now-dissipated protoplanetary disk, enabling us to test these theories of disk physics. Here, we report on Rossiter-McLaughlin observations of one transit of DS Tuc Ab with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. We confirm the previously detected planet by modeling the planet transit and stellar activity signals simultaneously. We test multiple models to describe the stellar activity-induced radial velocity variations over the night of the transit, finding the obliquity to be low: lambda = 12 degrees +/- 13 degrees, which suggests that this planet likely formed through smooth disk processes and its protoplanetary disk was not significantly torqued by DS Tuc B. The specific stellar activity model chosen affects the results at the approximate to 5 degrees level. This is the youngest planet to be observed using this technique; we provide a discussion on best practices to accurately measure the observed signal of similar young planets.

DS Tuc Ab is a Neptune-sized planet that orbits around a G star in the 45 Myr old Tucana-Horologium moving group. Here, we report the measurement of the sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planet's orbital axis, based on the observation of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect during three separate planetary transits. The orbit appears to be well aligned with the equator of the host star, with a projected obliquity of lambda = -.2.5(-0.9)(+1.0)degrees. In addition to the distortions in the stellar absorption lines due to the transiting planet, we observed variations that we attribute to large starspots, with angular sizes of tens of degrees. The technique that we have developed for simultaneous modeling of starspots and the planet-induced distortions may be useful in other observations of planets around active stars.

We present the discoveries of KELT-25 b (TIC 65412605, TOI-626.01) and KELT-26 b (TIC 160708862, TOI1337.01), two transiting companions orbiting relatively bright, early A stars. The transit signals were initially detected by the KELT survey and subsequently confirmed by Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. KELT-25 b is on a 4.40 day orbit around the V = 9.66 star CD-24 5016 (T-eff = 8280(-180)(+440) K, M-star = 2.18(-0.11)(+0.12) M-circle dot), while KELT-26 b is on a 3.34 day orbit around the V = 9.95 star HD 134004 (T-eff = 8640(-240)(+500) K, M-circle dot = 1.93(-0.16)(+0.14) M-circle dot), which is likely an Am star. We have confirmed the substellar nature of both companions through detailed characterization of each system using ground-based and TESS photometry, radial velocity measurements, Doppler tomography, and high-resolution imaging. For KELT-25, we determine a companion radius of R-P = 1.64(-0.043)(+0.039) R-J and a 3 sigma upper limit on the companion's mass of similar to 64 M-J. For KELT-26 b, we infer a planetary mass and radius of M-P = 1.41(-0.51)(+0.43) M-J and R-P = 1.94(-0.058)(+0.060) R-J. From Doppler tomographic observations, we find KELT-26 b to reside in a highly misaligned orbit. This conclusion is weakly corroborated by a subtle asymmetry in the transit light curve from the TESS data. KELT-25 b appears to be in a well-aligned, prograde orbit, and the system is likely a member of the cluster Theia 449.

This compilation is the fourth data release from the R-Process Alliance (RPA) search for r-process-enhanced stars and the second release based on "snapshot" high-resolution (R similar to 30,000) spectra collected with the du Pont 2.5 m Telescope. In this data release, we propose a new delineation between the r-I and r-II stellar classes at [Eu Fe] = +0.7, instead of the empirically chosen [Eu Fe] = +1.0 level previously in use, based on statistical tests of the complete set of RPA data released to date. We also statistically justify the minimum level of [Eu/Fe] for definition of the r-I stars, [Eu/Fe] > +0.3. Redefining the separation between r-I and r-II stars will aid in the analysis of the possible progenitors of these two classes of stars and determine whether these signatures arise from separate astrophysical sources at all. Applying this redefinition to previous RPA data, the number of identified r-II and r-I stars changes to 51 and 121, respectively, from the initial set of data releases published thus far. In this data release, we identify 21 new r-II, 111 new r-I (plus 3 re-identified), and 7 new (plus 1 re-identified) limited-r stars out of a total of 232 target stars, resulting in a total sample of 72 new r-II stars, 232 new r-I stars, and 42 new limited-r stars identified by the RPA to date.

Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs are good candidates for the study of habitability and detection of biosignatures. To search for these planets, we analyze all available radial velocity data and apply four signal detection criteria to select the optimal candidates. We find 10 strong candidates satisfying these criteria and three weak candidates showing inconsistency over time due to data samplings. We also confirm three previous planet candidates and improve their orbital solutions through combined analyses of updated data sets. Among the strong planet candidates, HIP 38594 b is a temperate super-Earth with a mass of 8.2 1.7M(circle plus)and an orbital period of 60.7 0.1 days, orbiting around an early-type M dwarf. Early-type M dwarfs are less active and thus are better hosts for habitable planets than mid-type and late-type M dwarfs. Moreover, we report the detection of five two-planet systems, including two systems made up of a warm or cold Neptune and a cold Jupiter, consistent with a positive correlation between these two types of planets. We also detect three temperate Neptunes, four cold Neptunes, and four cold Jupiters, contributing to a rarely explored planet population. Due to their proximity to the Sun, these planets on wide orbits are appropriate targets for direct imaging by future facilities such as the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory and the Extremely Large Telescope.

We report the discovery of two transiting Neptunes by the HATSouth survey. The planet HATS-37Ab has a mass of 0.099 +/- 0.042 MJ (31.5.+/-.13.4M(circle dot)) and a radius of 0.606 +/- 0.016 R-J, and is on a P = 4.3315 day orbit around a V = 12.266 +/- 0.030 mag, 0.843(-0.012)(+0.017)M(circle dot) star with a radius of 0.877(-0.012)(+0.019) R-circle dot We also present evidence that the star HATS-37A has an unresolved stellar companion HATS-37B, with a photometrically estimated mass of 0.654 +/- 0.033.M-circle dot The planet HATS-38b has a mass of 0.074. 0.011MJ (23.5 +/- 3.5M(circle dot)) and a radius of 0.614 +/- 0.017 R-J, and is on a P = 4.3750 day orbit around a V = 12.411 +/- 0.030 mag, 0.890(-0.012)(+0.016) M-circle dot star with a radius of 1.105 +/- 0.016.R-circle dot Both systems appear to be old, with isochrone-based ages of 11.46(-1.45)(+0.79) Gyr, and 11.89 +/- 0.60 Gyr, respectively. Both HATS-37Ab and HATS-38b lie in the Neptune desert and are thus examples of a population with a low occurrence rate. They are also among the lowest-mass planets found from ground-based wide-field surveys to date.

We report the detection of 20 new variables in the field of NGC 3201. Among them there are 15 confirmed cluster members. Follow-up observations are desirable for two blue stragglers with variable light curves (probably resulting frommagnetic activity), and for a yellow straggler coinciding with a Chandra X-ray source. Two of the eclipsing binaries, newly detected at the turnoff in cluster's CMD, and an eclipsing binary on the red giant branch, are potentially suitable for the determination of age and distance of NGC 3201.

This paper presents a survey of Mgii absorbing gas in the vicinity of 380 random galaxies, using 156 background quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) as absorption-line probes. The sample comprises 211 isolated (73 quiescent and 138 star-forming galaxies) and 43 non-isolated galaxies with sensitive constraints for both Mgii absorption and H alpha emission. The projected distances span a range from d = 9 to 497 kpc, redshifts of the galaxies range from z = 0.10 to 0.48, and rest-frame absolute B-band magnitudes range from M-B = -16.7 to -22.8. Our analysis shows that the rest-frame equivalent width of Mgii, W-r(2796), depends on halo radius (R-h), B-band luminosity(L-B), and stellar mass (M-star) of the host galaxies, and declines steeply with increasing d for isolated, star-forming galaxies. At the same time, W-r(2796) exhibits no clear trend for either isolated, quiescent galaxies or non-isolated galaxies. In addition, the covering fraction of Mgii absorbing gas kappa is high with kappa greater than or similar to 60 percent at <40 kpc for isolated galaxies and declines rapidly to kappa approximate to 0 at d greater than or similar to 100 kpc. Within the gaseous radius, the incidence of Mgii gas depends sensitively on both M-star and the specific star formation rate inferred from H alpha. Different from what is known for massive quiescent haloes, the observed velocity dispersion of Mgii absorbing gas around star-forming galaxies is consistent with expectations from virial motion, which constrains individual clump mass to and cool gas accretion rate of . Finally, we find no strong azimuthal dependence of Mgii absorption for either star-forming or quiescent galaxies. Our results demonstrate that multiple parameters affect the properties of gaseous haloes around galaxies and highlight the need of a homogeneous, absorption-blind sample for establishing a holistic description of chemically enriched gas in the circumgalactic space.

We present 87 candidates for RR Lyrae variable stars in binary systems, based on our new search using the light-travel time effect (LTTE) and observed - calculated (O - C) diagrams in the Galactic bulge time-series photometry of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment. Out of these, 61 are new candidates, while 26 have been announced previously. Furthermore, 12 stars considered as binary candidates in earlier works are discarded from the list, either because they were found to have O - C diagrams incompatible with the LTTE or because their long-term periodicity is definitely caused by the Blazhko effect. This sample of RR Lyrae binary candidates allows us to draw the first firm conclusions about the population of such objects: no candidate has an orbital period below 1000 days, while their occurrence rate steadily increases with increasing period, and peaks between 3000 and 4000 days; however, the decrease in the number of stars toward even longer periods is probably the result of observational biases. The eccentricities show a very significant concentration between 0.25 and 0.3, with a quarter of candidates found in this single bin, overlaid on an otherwise flat distribution between 0.05 and 0.6. Only six stars have inferred eccentricities above 0.6. Lastly, the distribution of the mass functions is highly peculiar, exhibiting strong trimodality. We interpret these modes as the presence of three distinct groups of companions, with typical inferred masses of similar to 0.6, similar to 0.2, and similar to 0.067 M (circle dot), which can be associated with populations of white dwarf and main sequence, red dwarf, and brown dwarf companions, respectively.