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How did icy comets obtain particles that formed at high temperatures, and how did the particles acquire rims with different compositions? Carnegie scientists are the first to model the trajectories of refractory particles in the unstable disk that formed the Solar System. They found particles could have been processed in the hot inner disk, and then traveled to the frigid outer regions to end up in icy comets. Their meanderings could help explain the different rims.

A team of researchers has discovered evidence that an extrasolar planet may be forming quite far from its star—about twice the distance Pluto is from our Sun. The planet lies inside a dusty, gaseous disk around a small red dwarf TW Hydrae, which is only about 55% of the mass of the Sun. The discovery adds to the ever-increasing variety of planetary systems in the Milky Way.

Using revolutionary new techniques, a team led by Carnegie’s Malcolm Guthrie has made a striking discovery about how ice behaves under pressure, changing ideas that date back almost 50 years. Their findings could alter our understanding of how the water molecule responds to conditions found deep within planets and could have implications for energy science.

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) names celestial bodies and formations on planets. The IAU naming theme for cliffs, called “rupes,” on Mercury is "ships of discovery." On June 3 the IAU approved ten new names for rupes on the innermost planet. One in Mercury's northern hemisphere was named for the research vessel Carnegie that mapped the Earth’s magnetic field across the oceans in the early part of the last century.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The way it responds under extreme pressures and temperatures is crucial to our understanding of matter and the nature of hydrogen-rich planets. New work from Carnegie scientists using intense infrared radiation shines new light on this fundamental material at extreme pressures and reveals the details of a surprising new form of solid hydrogen.

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